![]() ![]() Some critical areas where implementation research can produce the needed knowledge include: This knowledge gained can be applied to both lower- and higher-income settings, though our analysis is focused on lower-income countries as it is our area of expertise. ![]() In particular, the knowledge on when and how to choose and adapt implementation strategies to local contexts, within and across countries, is important and often missing. 12 Implementation research can generate better knowledge needed to answer the key questions that face policy-makers, politicians, implementers, and the community on how to accelerate and strengthen implementation, effectiveness, and sustainability of interventions known to improve individual and population health and reach. In the health sector, adopting and embedding implementation research into health care policy and practice will accelerate progress to the global goals of universal health coverage (UHC), which is defined as access to affordable quality healthcare, essential for reaching the goals of improving healthcare for all. 8, 11 Through implementation research, policy-makers, healthcare professionals, and researchers now have a set of methods to study when, how, and why implementation strategies, policies, and laws designed to move evidence from research into practice can be successfully tested, routinely adapted, and integrated into policy and practice to achieve desired population health outcomes. Organizational behavior, at the national and local levels, is also an important factor because it affects decision-making and action from planning stages through implementation and sustainability of the evidence-based practices. 8, 11 These factors include resources and the design of health systems, stakeholders within healthcare delivery systems, including healthcare professionals and other implementers, and the community being served, including their values, attitudes and resources. 10 These methods also recognize the role of contextual factors, their importance in the successes and failures of implementation strategies, and where adaptation is needed in different settings. Abbreviation: EBIs, evidence-based interventions.ĭone well, implementation research can facilitate the scale-up and sustainment of EBIs and policies. ![]()
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